References 1. Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, Badano L, BaronEsquivias G, Bogaert J, Brucato A, Gueret P, Klingel K, Lionis C, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: the task force for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2921-2964. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv318. 2. Ismail TF. Acute pericarditis: udate on diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20:48-51. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.cme.20.1.4. 3. Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and treatment of pericarditis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314:1498-1506. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2015.12763. 4. Klein A, Cremer P, Kontzias A, Furqan M, Forsythe A, Crotty C, Lim-Watson M, Magestro M. Clinical burden and unmet need in recurrent pericarditis: a systematic literature review. Cardiol Rev. 2022;30:59-69. doi: 10.1097/ CRD.0000000000000356. 5. Lin D, Laliberte F, Majeski C, Magestro M, Lejeune D, Duh MS, Lim-Watson M, Paolini JF. Disease and economic burden associated with recurrent pericarditis in a privately insured United States population. Adv Ther. 2021;38:5127-5143. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-01868-7. 6. Lo Presti S, Elajami TK, Reyaldeen R, Anthony C, Imazio M, Klein AL. Emerging therapies for recurrent pericarditis: interleukin-1 inhibitors. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e021685. doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.121.021685. 7. Khandaker M, Espinosa R, Nishimurs R, et al. Pericardial disease: diagnosis and management. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2010;85(6):572-593. 8. Imazio M. Noninfectious pericarditis: management challenges for cardiologists. Kardiologia Polska, 2020;78(5):396-403. 9. Imazio M, Gaita G. Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis. Heart.2015;101:1159-1168. 10. Imazio M, Trinchero R. Myopericarditis: etiology, management, and prognosis. International Journal of Cardiology. 2008;127:17-26. 11. Lazarou E, Tsioufis P, Vlachopoulos C, Tsioufis C, Lazaros G. Acute pericarditis: update. Current Cardiology Reports. 2022;24(8),905-913. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01710-8. Epub 2022 May 20. PMID: 35595949; PMCID: PMC9122084. 12. Cremar P, Kumar A, Kontzias A, Tan C, Rodriguez R, Imazio M, Klein A. (2016) Complicated pericaditis: understanding risk factors and pathophysiology to inform imaging and treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016;68(21):2311-2328. 13. Miranda W, Oh J. Constrictive pericarditis: a practical approach. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2017;59(4):369-379. 14. Welch T. Constrictive pericarditis: diagnosis, management and clinical outcomes.Heart. 2018;104;725-731. 15. Snyder M, Bepko J, White M. Acute pericarditis: Diagnosis and Management. American Academy of Family Physicians. 2014;89(7):553-560. 16. Chaplin DD. Overview of the immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol.2010;125(2 Suppl 2): S3-23. 17. Carpenter S, LAJ O’Neill, From periphery to center stage: 50 years of advancements in innate immunity. Cell. 2024;187(9):2030-2051. 18. Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007; 449(7164):819-26. 19. Akbal A, et al. How location and cellular signaling combine to activate the NLR-P3 inflammasome. Cell Mol Immunol. 2022;19(11):1201-1214. 20. Swanson KV, Deng M, Ting JP. The NLR-P3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19(8):477-489. 21. Molla MD, et al.Role of caspase-1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated chronic noncommunicable diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2020; 13:749-764. 22. Havnaer A, Han G. Autoinflammatory disorders: a review and update on pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20(4):539564. 23. Lo Presti S, et al. Emerging therapies for recurrent pericarditis: interleukin-1 inhibitors. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(19):e021685. 24. McGonagle D, McDermott MF. A proposed classification of the immunological diseases.PLoS Med. 2006;3(8):e297. 25. Buckley LF, Libby P. Colchicine’s role in cardiovascular disease management. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2024;44(5):1031-1041. 26. Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on its biological activities. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1989;65(1):80-92. 27. Amano Y, Lee SW, Allison AC. Inhibition by glucocorticoids of the formation of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6: mediation by decreased mRNA stability. Mol Pharmacol. 1993;43(2):176-82. 28. Klein AL, Cremer PC, Kafil TS. Recurrent pericarditis: a promising future for IL-1 blockers in autoinflammatory phenotypes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(1):41-45. 29. Imazio M, Demichelis B, Parrini I, et al. Dayhospital treatment of acute pericarditis: a management program for outpatient therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar 17 2004;43(6):1042-6. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.055. 30. Krittanawong C, Khawaja M, Tamis-Holland JE, Girotra S, Rao SV. Acute myocardial infarction: etiologies and mimickers in young patients. J Am Heart Assoc. Sep 19 2023;12(18):e029971. doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.029971. 31. Strobbe A, Adriaenssens T, Bennett J, et al. Etiology and long-term outcome of patients undergoing pericardiocentesis. J Am Heart Assoc. Dec 23 2017;6(12)doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.007598. 32. Rey F, Delhumeau-Cartier C, Meyer P, Genne D. Is acute idiopathic pericarditis associated with recent upper respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis? A case-control study. BMJ Open. Nov 24 2015;5(11):e009141. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2015-009141. 33. Gouriet F, Levy PY, Casalta JP, et al. Etiology of pericarditis in a prospective cohort of 1162 cases. Am J Med. Jul 2015;128(7):784 e1-8. doi:10.1016/j. amjmed.2015.01.040. 34. Peet CJ, Rowczenio D, Omoyinmi E, et al. Pericarditis and autoinflammation: a clinical and genetic analysis of patients with idiopathic recurrent pericarditis and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases at a national referral center. J Am Heart Assoc. Jun 7 2022;11(11):e024931. doi:10.1161/JAHA.121.024931. 35. Thorolfsdottir RB, Jonsdottir AB, Sveinbjornsson G, et al. Variants at the interleukin 1 gene locus and pericarditis. JAMA Cardiol. Feb 1 2024;9(2):165172. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4820. 36. Malik AA, et al. Acute and complicated inflammatory pericarditis: a guide to contemporary practice. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2024;99(5):795-811. doi:10.1016/j. mayocp.2024.01.012. 37. Spodick DH. Electrocardiogram in acute pericarditis. distributions of morphologic and axial changes by stages. Am J Cardiol. 1974;33(4):470474. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(74)90603-1. 38. Adler Y, Charron P. The 2015 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(42):2873-4. 39. Cosyns B, et al. European association of cardiovascular imaging (EACVI) position paper: multimodality imaging in pericardial disease. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16(1):12-31. 40. Ismail TF. Acute pericarditis: update on diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(1):48-51. 41. Ismail TF, Haaf P, Giorgetti A. Infection: pericarditis, in imaging of inflammation and infection in cardiovascular diseases. F. Caobelli, Editor. Springer Nature Switzerland: Switzerland. 2021;163-190. 42. Chetrit M, et al. Imaging-guided therapies for pericardial diseases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(6):1422-1437. 43. Kumar, et al. Quantitative assessment of pericardial delayed hyperenhancement helps identify patients with ongoing recurrences of pericarditis. Open Heart. 2018;5:e000944. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000944. 44. Ismail TF, et al. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the evaluation of acute myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathies in clinical practice - a comprehensive review. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2022;23(4): 450-464. 45. Cremer PC, et al. Quantitative assessment of pericardial delayed hyperenhancement predicts clinical improvement in patients with constrictive pericarditis treated with anti-inflammatory therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(5). 46. Imazio M, Brucato A, Trinchero R, Adler Y. Diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2009;6(12):743-751. i:https://doi.org/10.1038/ nrcardio.2009.185. 47. Pryor K, Tarter L, Economy K, et al. Pericarditis management in individuals contemplating pregnancy, currently pregnant, or breastfeeding. Current Cardiology Reports. 2023;25(10):1103-1111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-023-01930-6. 48. Imazio M, Brucato A, Cemin R, et al. A randomized trial of colchicine for acute pericarditis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;369(16):1522-1528. doi:https://doi. org/10.1056/nejmoa1208536. 49. Polat A, Cengizhan Açıkel, Betül Sözeri, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of once- and twicedaily colchicine dosage in pediatric patients with familial Mediterranean fever – a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2016;18(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13075-016-0980-7.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjI2NjI=